104?mm, 95% CI -0.165, -0.043, p?=?0.001). In the AD signature region, cortical thickness was lower in CAA compared to healthy controls (MD -0.07?mm, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.01, p?=?0.02). Within the CAA group, lower cortical thickness was associated with lower memory scores (R2?=?0.10; p?=?0.05) and higher white matter hyperintensity volume (R2?=?0.09, p?=?0.04).
CAA contributes to neurodegeneration in the form of lower cortical thickness, and this could contribute to cognitive decline. Regional overlap with an AD cortical atrophy signature region suggests that co-existing AD pathology may contribute to lower cortical thickness observed in CAA.
CAA contributes to neurodegeneration in the form of lower cortical thickness, and this could contribute to cognitive decline. Regional overlap with an AD cortical atrophy signature region suggests that co-existing AD pathology may contribute to lower cortical thickness observed in CAA.Silent information-regulated transcription factor 1 (SIRT1) is the most prominent and widely studied member of the sirtuins (a family of mammalian class III histone deacetylases). It is a nuclear protein, and the deacetylation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 has been extensively implicated in metabolic control and mitochondrial biogenesis and is the basis for studies into its involvement in caloric restriction and its effects on lifespan. The present study discusses the potentially protective mechanism of SIRT1 in the regulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy involved in the modulation of Alzheimer's disease, which may be correlated with the role of SIRT1 in affecting neuronal morphology, learning, and memory during development; regulating metabolism; counteracting stress responses; and maintaining genomic stability. Drugs that activate SIRT1 may offer a promising approach to treating Alzheimer's disease.Mitochondrial dysfunction, bioenergetic deficit, and extensive oxidative stress underlie neuronal perturbation during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alc-0159.html Previously, we demonstrated that decreased PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) expression is associated with AD pathology in AD-affected human brains and AD mice.
In the present study, we highlight the essential role of PINK1 in AD-relevant mitochondrial perturbation and neuronal malfunction.
Using trans-mitochondrial "cybrid" (cytoplasmic hybrid) neuronal cells, whose mitochondria are transferred from platelets of patients with sporadic AD, we observed the effect of PINK1 in neuronal-like differentiation and synaptogenesis and mitochondrial functions.
In AD cybrid cells, the downregulation of PINK1 is correlated to the alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function and deficit in neuronal-like differentiation. Restoring/increasing PINK1 by lentivirus transduction of PINK1 robustly attenuates mitochondrial defects and rescues neuritmitochondrial health by clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria and therefore, improves energy homeostasis in AD.Dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT is an established diagnostic procedure in dementia diagnostics, yet its prognostic value is currently unknown.
We evaluated the prognostic value of DAT SPECT in patients assessed for differential diagnosis of dementia.
We included all patients who had received DAT SPECT for differential diagnosis of dementia from 10/2008 to 06/2016 at our site and whose survival status could be obtained in 09/2019. Clinical SPECT reports, categorizing scans into positive or negative for nigrostriatal degeneration (NSD), were tested for their prognostic value (Cox regressions, adjusted for age and sex). In addition, an automated region-of-interest analysis (striatum, occipital cortex as reference) was performed.
Median follow-up of 97 included patients was 6.6 years. Patients with NSD had a significantly higher mortality risk than those without NSD (HR?=?3.6 [2.0-6.7], p?&lt;?0.001). Results were confirmed by region-of-interest analysis higher mortality risk was associated with lower striatal DAT binding (HR?=?1.8 per standard deviation loss).
Beyond its established utility in dementia diagnostics, DAT SPECT also conveys important prognostic information.
Beyond its established utility in dementia diagnostics, DAT SPECT also conveys important prognostic information.Recent studies of photobiomodulation (PBM) in patients with cognitive or psychological disorders (including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia) have yielded some encouraging results.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a single stimulation on memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
After PBM, hemodynamic changes, as a measure of functional brain activity, were evaluated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Eighteen subjects who met the criteria of MCI were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single real or sham PBM session was administered to the forehead of each patient in the experimental and control groups, respectively. All subjects performed a visual memory span test before and after the stimulation, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured using fNIRS.
The results showed that among the MCI subjects, only those who received PBM, but not those who received the sham stimulation, demonstrated significant improvement in the visual memory performance and a reduction in the hemodynamic response during the tasks.
These findings suggest that PBM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks that require high memory loads, and thus improve the cognitive performance of individuals with MCI.
These findings suggest that PBM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks that require high memory loads, and thus improve the cognitive performance of individuals with MCI.Data on the association between multimorbidity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are lacking from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
To assess the association between multimorbidity and SCC among adults from 48 LMICs.
Cross-sectional, community-based data were analyzed from the World Health Survey 2002-2004. Ten chronic conditions (angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic back pain, depression, diabetes, edentulism, hearing problems, tuberculosis, visual impairment) were assessed. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 (No SCC) to 100 (worse SCC). Multivariable linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the associations.
A total of 224,842 individuals aged?18 years [mean (SD) age 38.3 (16.0) years; 49.3% males] constituted the final sample. Compared to no chronic conditions, the mean SCC score was higher by 7.13 (95% CI?=?6.57-7.69), 14.84 (95% CI?=?13.91-15.77), 21.10 (95% CI?=?19.49-22.